Growth and maturational responses to thyroid hormones
نویسندگان
چکیده
منابع مشابه
Thyroid hormones inhibit TGF-β signaling and attenuate fibrotic responses.
TGF-β, the most potent profibrogenic factor, acts by activating SMAD (mothers against decapentaplegic) transcription factors, which bind to SMAD-binding elements in target genes. Here, we show that the thyroid hormone triiodothyronine (T3), through binding to its nuclear receptors (TRs), is able to antagonize transcriptional activation by TGF-β/SMAD. This antagonism involves reduced phosphoryla...
متن کاملThyroid Hormones and Growth in Health and Disease
Thyroid hormones regulate growth by several mechanisms. In addition to their negative feedback effect on the stimulatory hormones thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) and thyrotropin (TSH), thyroid hormones also regulate their receptors in various physiological and pathological conditions. Up-regulation and down-regulation of the thyroid receptors fine-tune the biological effects exerted by the ...
متن کاملThyroid hormones in fetal growth and prepartum maturation.
The thyroid hormones, thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3), are essential for normal growth and development of the fetus. Their bioavailability in utero depends on development of the fetal hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid gland axis and the abundance of thyroid hormone transporters and deiodinases that influence tissue levels of bioactive hormone. Fetal T4 and T3 concentrations are also affec...
متن کاملThyroid hormones and thermogenesis.
An extensive review article on thyroid hormone published nearly 40 years ago (Barker, 1951) might have led one to suppose that little could be added to the subject of thyroid hormones and thermogenesis. However, a large number of new ideas have since emerged with respect to the mechanisms of action of thyroid hormones, although there is still considerable uncertainty as to how they function at ...
متن کاملThyroid Hormones and Mesotherapy
Thyroid hormones are the master regulator of body metabolism and growth. They act at molecular level to manipulate genes and cellular functions to balance the basic metabolic rate. They bind to superfamily of nuclear receptors that recognize discrete sequences of DNA and act as transcription factors (Renkawitz et al., 1996). At the cellular level, thyroid hormones act directly on the mitochondr...
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ژورنال
عنوان ژورنال: Pediatric Research
سال: 1984
ISSN: 0031-3998,1530-0447
DOI: 10.1203/00006450-198411000-00136